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URLs for A “Pre-History” & a Foundational Context:
This post is the main post on a Pre-History & a Foundational context of the Field of AI. In this post a narrative is constructed surrounding the “Pre-History”. It links with the following posts:
The post here is a first and very short linking with on Literature, Mythology & Arts as one of the foundational contexts of the Field of AI
Following, one can read about very few attributes picked up on from Control Theory as contextualizing to the Field of AI
Cognitive Science is the fourth field that is mapped with the Field of AI.
Mathematics & Statistics is in this writing the sixth area associated as a context to the Field of AI
Other fields contextualizing the Field of AI are being considered (e.g. Data Science & Statistics, Economy, Engineering fields)
My very rough and severely flawed mapping of some of the fields and applications associated with the Field of AI. (use, for instance, CRTL+ to zoom in)
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01 — The Field of AI: A Foundational Context: Literature, Mythology, Visual Arts
Figure 1 Talos or Talus, the artificial lifeform described in the Greek mythology. Here depicted with the mythological character of Medea or Medeia by Sybil Tawse image: public domain
The early Greek Myths (about 2500 years ago) showcase
stories of artificially intelligent bronze automatons or statues that were
brought to life which then in turn exhibited degrees of “intelligence”. If you
want to dig deeper search for Pygmalion’s Galateia, or look up the imaginary
stories of Talos (Talus)[1].
The many
thousands years old Jewish myth of the “golem” (גולם),
fantasized about a creature made of clay that magically came to life. It could
be interpreted as an imagination of the raw material for a controllable
automaton and an artificial form of some degree of intelligence. While its
cultural symbolism is far richer than given justice here, it could be imagined
as symbolizing a collective human capability to envision giving some form and
function of intelligence to materials that we, in general, do not tend to
equate with comparable capability (i.e. raw materials for engineered design).
Golem (Prague Golem reproduction) photo: public domain
It is
suggested in some sources[2]
that artificial intelligence (in the literary packaging of imagined automatons
or other) was also explored in European literary works such as in the 1816
German Der Sandmann (The Sandman) by Ernst Theodor Amadeus Hoffman,[3] with the story’s character Olympia.
The artificial is also explored by the fictional character Dr. Wagner, who
creates Homunculus (a little man-like automaton), in Faust by Goethe,[4] and
in Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein.[5]Much earlier yet, far less literary and rather philosophically, the
artificial was suggested in the 1747 publication entitled L’Homme Machine (Man—Machine) by the French Julien Offray
de la Mettrie, who posited the hypothesis that a human being as any other animal,
are automatons or machines.
The next post will cover some hints of Philosophy in association with the Field of AI
Mini
Project #___: Exploring the Pre-History of AI in your own and your larger
context.
Collect any other old stories from within China, Asia or elsewhere (from a location or culture that is not necessarily your own) that reference similar imaginations of “artificial intelligence” as constructed in the creative minds of our ancestors.
Share your findings in a collection of references from the entire class.
Maybe make a large collage that can be hung up on the wall, showing “artificial intelligence” from the past, through-out the ages.
Alternative: the teacher shares a few resources or references from the Arts (painting, sculpture, literature, mythology, etc.) that covered these topics and that are examples of the pre-history of AI.
[1] Parada, C. (Dec 10, 1993). Genealogical Guide to Greek Mythology. Studies in Mediterranean
Archaeology, Vol 107. Coronet Books
[2] McCorduck, P. (2004). Machines Who Think: A Personal Inquiry into the History and Prospects
of Artificial Intelligence. Natick: A K Peters, Ltd. p. xxv
[4] Nielsen, W. C. (2016). Goethe, Faust, and Motherless Creations. Goethe Yearbook, 23(1),
59–75. North American Goethe Society.
Information retrieved on April 8, 2020 from https://muse.jhu.edu/article/619344/pdf
[5] An artistic interpretation of the link between the
artificial life of the Frankenstein character and AI is explored here: http://frankenstein.ai/ Retrieved on April 8, 2020
